Tuesday, August 25, 2020

Jury Essays - Legal Terms, Legal Procedure, Verdict, Witness

Jury Individuals from the jury you have been picked on the grounds that you are an enthralled crowd. You will be required to present a decision of liable or not blameworthy toward the finish of this path by raising the fitting card. The Foreman will count the votes and tell the adjudicator. The court is currently in severance the Honorable Judge Bonnie is directing Forman, is the jury prepared? Case # BBA 329 WLS West Loop South versus Ima Slacker Will the respondent please rise? You are accused of 3 checks of being late to contemplate bunch w/o calling 1 check of not doing your piece of the task 1 check of shouting and tossing How would you argue? If you don't mind be situated. Protection; it would be ideal if you call your first observer. Spot your hand on the LeTourneau Catalog. Do you promise to come clean every bit of relevant information? Over Ruler Supported Restate the inquiry If it's not too much trouble approach the seat Examiner, do you wish to interrogate? Witness please step down. Investigator your end articulations Resistance your end articulations Jury please vote. Foreman, has the jury arrived at a decision? Respondent please stand Forman, if you don't mind read the decision.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

A Modest Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A Modest Proposal - Essay Example There should be a mediation that brings issues to light on the present circumstance the locale is confronting. This may help the individuals distinguish what they have to do so as to rescue their locale from heading further downstream. This paper will analyze one mediation that enables the area to distinguish their issues and why they have to comprehend them. In A Modest Proposal, the creator professes to need to help the crumbling condition of the Irish. He, in any case, does this by lashing out at the unmistakable individuals in the public eye who take a gander at the present circumstance and fail to address it (Swift 48). Legislators, the affluent, and the general public do nothing to help in the decrease of the condition of impoverishment in the district. He even goes similar to assaulting the English people group for their oppression against the Irish. All these are attributes of individuals who willingly volunteer to roll out an improvement as they see fit. Their condition isn' t supported by the way that, a large number of the individuals can work and feed their families. Asking in the city by countless the female sex is confirmation enough that the condition is past rescuing (Swift 50). One can't resist the opportunity to feel frustrated about the ruined condition of the Irish people group. It isn't reasonable for lash out at one gathering and censure it for the deplorable condition of the country. Everybody is to be faulted for this circumstance. The Irish, the English, and the majority are answerable for not dealing with their own issues. The individuals in the district are unequipped for meeting people's high expectations, and getting themselves out of this situation (Swift 55). This ought not be the conduct of free-disapproved of people. This method of reasoning doesn't guarantee a nation’s success in any capacity. Thinking like that guarantees that a country and its kin stay in reverse. It renders them unequipped for taking care of issues all alone. The social and monetary ills the country face makes individuals despair. In his proposition, the incongruity in the arrangement, the creator offers the individuals shows of this gloom. No advancement can be accomplished through such methods. It is boorish and all the more in reverse in believing that murdering newborn children for food is an unfortunate chore. The compassionate emergency the individuals face can't be helped through logical hypotheses or strategies (Swift 57). The best way to turn away such an emergency isn't through recommendations that individuals should watch the quantity of kids they consider. It is just through direction that the country could get down from the quarrels of destitution and social defilement. Qualities and inspiration need tending to with the goal that people may perceive what they are facing. This is in their battle against their present conditions. The political wastefulness in the locale keeps individuals from accomplishing their maximu m capacity. This is as far as critical thinking emergency they face. The political bodies can't help in tending to the predicament of the individuals, which makes the area progressively dismal and forsaken. Progress among a people must be estimated by how much everybody is flourishing. In the event that lone a chose not many are making it, at that point that isn't progress; regardless of whether financial or social. The locale is stuck at one point where everybody is feeling the weight of the huge number of individuals in the territory who can't help themselves (Swift 58). The present working/work power is additionally in danger. There is the need to concentrate vitality on every one of these territories in order to drive the land to push ahead with no inclination. In

Wednesday, July 29, 2020

Fredericksburg, battle of

Fredericksburg, battle of Fredericksburg, battle of, in the Civil War, fought Dec. 13, 1862, at Fredericksburg, Va. In Nov., 1862, the Union general Ambrose Burnside moved his three grand divisions under W. B. Franklin, E. V. Sumner, and Joseph Hooker to the north side of the Rappahannock River opposite Fredericksburg; his objective was Richmond. Delay in bringing up pontoons prevented Burnside from seizing the heights on the south bank immediately. Robert E. Lee, having anticipated the move, soon confronted him from those heights with James Longstreet's 1st Corps, which soon was joined by Stonewall Jackson's 2d. The Federals crossed on Dec. 11â€"12 and attacked Lee on Dec. 13. After Jackson had repulsed Franklin's attack on the Confederate right, Burnside ordered Sumner to storm Longstreet's impregnable position on Marye's Heights. Successive charges brought death to droves of courageous Union troops. Burnside's subordinates protested against renewing the foolhardy assaults, and on Dec. 15 the Federals made an undisturbed withdrawal to the north bank. Union losses, more than twice the Confederate, were over 12,000. The defeat caused profound depression throughout the North. See E. J. Stackpole, Drama on the Rappahannock (1957); V. E. Whan, Jr., Fiasco at Fredericksburg (1961); J. Luvaas and H. W. Nelson, The U.S. Army Guide to the Battles of Chancellorsville and Fredericksburg (1989). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Friday, May 22, 2020

Factors Affecting Children s Social Emotional Development...

Are you a father? What does that mean to you? Do you understand how important your role as a father is? Do you think that society, in general, understands how important fathers are? Are Dads Important? Sometimes, it s easy to see how important something is by looking at how things turn out when that something isn t there. Fatherlessness[1][2][3] negatively affects children’s social-emotional development by increasing aggression, delinquency, and hyperactivity. The negative effects can be stronger if dad is not there during early childhood. The effects last well into the teenage years. increases risky behavior among teenagers. Examples include smoking and early childbearing. These are significant impacts. Looking at the stats, we can see that a child does well with the presence of a father in his or her life. Do fathers matter? Absolutely. Fatherhood Hurdles In some ways, fatherhood can be similar to motherhood, but fathers face unique challenges. Here are some examples: Career and Family Work-life balance is a concern for mothers and fathers. We ve come a long way, but society still says that womanhood is connected to caring for a family. So, there may be working mom guilt for women - the anxiety and / or fear that they are not taking care of their families. Society still says manhood is connected to the ability to provide. So, there is pressure on dads to make enough money to take care of the family s financial needs. For many men, this meansShow MoreRelatedAbnormal Psychology Terms9960 Words   |  40 Pagesafter we got home from the hospital that our kid had a problem, the parents said. unless the parent is using 20-20 hindsight, the childs diagnosis most likely is im concerned about Ritalin use; its possible effects on childrens growth, and its increasing heart-attack risk in hypertensive adults an acquaintance worries. your best reply, based on the most recent research is it is obvious that this case of obsessive-compulsive personality dis order arises from an early childhood fixation. which typeRead MoreContemporary Applications of Schools in Psychology8487 Words   |  34 PagesFrom each distinctive viewpoint there arose unique theories and concepts that can be seen applied widely in various fields in today’s world. These perspectives can be seen in contemporary fields within applied psychology like clinical psychology, social psychology, forensic psychology, health psychology, industrial or organizational psychology, community psychology, consumer psychology, applied behavioral analysis, environmental psychology, legal psychology, military psychology, political psychologyRead MoreAbnormal Psychology. Classification and Assessment of Abnormal Behavior20707 Words   |  83 PagesModels of Abnormal Behavior Computerized Interviews Psychological Tests STANDARDS OF ASSESSMENT 77–80 Neuropsychological Assessment Reliability Behavioral Assessment Validity Cognitive Assessment Physiological Measurement SOCIOCULTURAL AND ETHNIC FACTORS IN ASSESSMENT 99–100 SUMMING UP 100–101 T R U T H or F I C T I O N â€Å"Jerry Has a Panic Attack on the Interstate† Interviewer: Can you tell me a bit about what it was that brought you to the clinic? Jerry: Well, . . . after the first of the

Saturday, May 9, 2020

Hinduism Temple Visit Personal Experience Reflection

Hinduism is a religion of religions; it is one of the first as we know it. It isnt just a religion however, it is a way of life. A culture that India has been known for having. I have discovered that Hinduism is so much more than a religion or a culture. As a matter of fact it is a way of being; a way of life. Hinduism has been a journey for me and it all came alive through the need to write this paper. When I first met up with my host, Devi, I noticed her garments right away. She had her hair down with silver earrings a shirt that looked like Indian garb. It was White with golden inlay. It was beautiful! She wore beige leggings and dark flats. Devi had bracelets on both of her wrists too. On her left wrist, there was a thick†¦show more content†¦It seemed to be symmetrical. I was told that it is symmetrical so that the balance of the chakras and other energies around are in check and aligned. Devi then asked if she could take some time to meditate. There were m any people doing this in the temple on rugs. I like meditation, but it also gave me more of a chance to observe everything. The people throughout the temple, did not have a uniform way of sitting, like the movies perceive monks and meditation. One thing I noticed that was similar with everyone, was that all arms and legs were inside of the vehicle at all times. No one had any limbs off the sides of the rugs. The people in the temple who we praying were in a sitting position for the most part, but I dont know if you could call this a lotus position or not. I know that in yoga, the lotus position is with the legs intermingled almost in a cross-legged form fashion, with the arms out and placed on the knees. When we were finished with this, Devi showed me a place in the temple where they had a chimney and a fire blazing. Fire is the most powerful of the elements in the Hindi culture. The fire is a reminder to us, that the fire can purify and can also destroy us. This is why it is considered to be the most powerful. Devi said that after her son, Rishi, was born, the family had a ceremony with fire to represent him coming into the world. Rishis youth and innocence were pure like the fire, and any impurities were to burn away in theShow MoreRelatedEmptiness Is Not Nothingness2013 Words   |  9 PagesEmptiness is not Nothingness Emptiness is not Nothingness One of the most beautiful places I have ever had the opportunity to experience. An â€Å"experience† is the perfect term to describe it, far more than just a visit, the experience of entering a place so different than what I have known through my life and so beautiful in its own respect was an unbelievable opportunity. Kawasaki Daishi What an appropriate setting for the peaceful meditation, chants, and daily prayersRead MoreEssay about Worldview Comparison3374 Words   |  14 PagesReflection Paper Anon. Moral Reasoning and Worldview October 24, 2011 Summary This paper will summarize the Christian worldview perspective, while offering an overview of my own worldview; a Christian perspective with a spin I like to say. The ANA Code of Ethics, Provision 2 will be looked at in relation to an issue experienced in my personal practice and I will apply the Christian perspective as well as a Modern worldview perspective and explore how the application of each could affect theRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesthings about Ennis Edmondss Rastafari: From Outcasts to Culture Bearers is that it correctly traces the connection between the emergence of Rastafarianism and the history of resistance and black consciousness that has been part of the Jamaican experience for years. The truth is that there has always been a committed Jamaican counter- culture that celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressed a society. But prior to the advent of popular culture andRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesand problems represent linkages to an integrative project management view. The chapter content of the text has been placed within an overall framework that integrates these topics in a holistic manner. Cases and snapshots are included from the experiences of practicing managers. The future for project managers appears to be promising. Careers will be determined by success in managing projects. Student Learning Aids The text Web site (www.mhhe.com/larsongray5e) includes study outlines, online

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Internal Sources of Finance Free Essays

The Internal Sources of Finance In order to grow your small business into a larger one, it is important to invest in it. And to invest in your business, you need access to finance. Unfortunately, external sources of finance — lenders and investors — are often skeptical of small businesses. We will write a custom essay sample on The Internal Sources of Finance or any similar topic only for you Order Now This can leave you to rely on internal sources of finance for investing in your business. Retained Earnings Retained earnings are an easy source of internal financing to use because they are liquid assets. Retained earnings are the portion of net income that you have retained in your company and not paid out. In a small business, retained earnings are usually paid out to the owners, who often do not draw a budgeted salary. Instead of paying out retained earnings, you can reinvest them into the company. Current Assets Current assets consist of cash or anything that can easily be converted into cash. For example, if your business has stock holdings in other companies, you can divest yourself of those stocks and use the proceeds as a source of financing. You should be careful, however, not to decrease your current assets to levels less than your current liabilities, as this may prevent you from paying off your debts. Fixed Assets Fixed assets are those that are not easily converted to cash. Typically, these assets include equipment, property and factories. Because these assets take time to convert to cash, they cannot be relied on for short-term access to finance. If you have the time, however, you could — for example — sell off some equipment or even property to invest in your business. This is particularly useful if your needs have outgrown some of your fixed assets — for example, if you need to purchase newer equipment. Personal Savings Personal savings are the backbone of many small businesses. If your business doesn’t have the assets to finance your project, you may still have personal finances that you can contribute to the business. This provides an alternative to seeking external investors or loans and allows you to retain control over your business. How to cite The Internal Sources of Finance, Essay examples

Tuesday, April 28, 2020

Self Esteem free essay sample

Self Esteem In Chapter Two, the text book looks at one of the most vital aspects, in regards to interpersonal communication, which is self-esteem. Self-esteem is the back bone of communication and the perception of who we are as individuals. According to Charles Berger, â€Å"A. R. Cohen it has been suggested that people with extremely high self-esteem and people with extremely low self-esteem, in contrast to people with moderate self-esteem, tend to be more defensive when faced with ego threatening information (Berger 286). â€Å"The concept of self is perhaps our most fundamental possession. Knowing who we are is essential, because without a self-concept it would be impossible to relate to the world (Adler and Proctor 41). † Self-esteem has been proven to be what our net worth is of ourselves. According to Adler and Proctor, â€Å"research suggests that personality is, to a large degree, part of our genetic makeup (44). † This is saying that children that grow up shy or timid usual carry these traits onto their adulthood. We will write a custom essay sample on Self Esteem or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are very distinct personality traits that go with being extroverted or introverted. These traits do determine what type of person we become. Self-esteem development at a young age, helps a child to develop their â€Å"self-concept† of who they are, and how we believe others see them. As a society we need to help the children of tomorrow, and be role-models in their self-esteem by encouraging every kid we come across in our lives. It is vital for a child to develop their self-esteem for optimum health and growth while young. Back in 1975, I can remember being shy and timid for the whole year in kindergarten. I did not say a word basically all year and I would just stare at the ground. The school held me back for another year of kindergarten. After that first year in kindergarten, my mother signed me up for baseball that spring, thinking that baseball may help my self-esteem. The first t-ball coach I had was the nephew of a professional baseball player who was Rick Monday. Rick played for the Los Angeles Dodgers. So at a young age, I was exposed to professional athletes who had a great deal of self-esteem and feelings of net worth. After that season, I was able to talk to classmates, and not be shy and timid any longer. Over the course of my youth, and teenage years growing up in Orange County, California, I was exposed to several professional athletes from the Angels to the Rams. Having these role-models in my life coach and mentoring me sure brought out my self-esteem and developed me into a team leader on my sports teams for my years. This has helped me develop, into the out-going, driven man, which has a full head of steam on life. In conclusion, self-esteem is a vital part of the communication process in society today. Some may be genetically low on self-esteem, the time to develop it is at a young age. And, whether one is learning it from a coach, teacher, parent or another kid, self-esteem is a most in order to live a healthy and happy life.

Friday, March 20, 2020

Haydn and Eszterhaza essays

Haydn and Eszterhaza essays "Not only did I have the encouragement of constant approval, but as the conductor of the orchestra I could experiment, find out what made a good effect and what weakened it, so I was free to alter, improve, add or omit and be as bold as I pleased. Cut off from the rest of the world I had no one to bother me and I was forced to become original." The above quote was said by Franz Joseph Haydn (1732 - 1809) during the later years of his life and it refers to the time he spent in Esterhaza. Haydn was, and still is, considered one of the most famous composers of the classical era. The large amount of compositions that he created, and his many contributions to the classical style, has made Haydn one of the most influential and studied composers of the millennium. As mentioned in the introductory quote, Haydn contributed a large amount of his personal success to the time he spent in the palace of Eszterhaza, A palace of the Esterhazy family. By analysing the time period that Haydn had spen t working for the Esterhazy family, this essay will demonstrate how important these years were to the development of his musical abilities. The reason why this time period has been chosen was that these were the years right before Haydn began to grow in popularity outside the realm of the palace. Haydn's musical career had started when he moved to Vienna, from his rural peasant village, and became a choirboy at the St. Stephen's Cathedral. In 1761 Prince Paul Anton Esterhazy of Vienna hired Haydn, and this was when his relationship with the Esterhazy family had begun. At this point in his career Haydn had served as the assistant musical director for the Prince, as he worked under a man by the name of Werner. During this time Haydn had composed a few symphonies but he was not given much room to grow as he was seen as nothing less than a servant. In the years to come Haydn's situation would change dramatically due to a number of major developments that...

Tuesday, March 3, 2020

25 Pairs of Compound Nouns and Verb Phrases Ending in Out

25 Pairs of Compound Nouns and Verb Phrases Ending in Out 25 Pairs of Compound Nouns and Verb Phrases Ending in Out 25 Pairs of Compound Nouns and Verb Phrases Ending in Out By Mark Nichol Numerous idioms ending with the word out exist, but only a select group serve (in open form) both as verb phrases and (in hyphenated or closed form) as compound nouns; â€Å"tune out,† for example, describes the act of ignoring sensory stimuli, but one does not refer to a tune-out as an instance of such behavior, though one can, for example, either bail out or experience a bailout. These pairs, and their meanings (with occasional divergence of meaning between a verb phrase and the similar-looking compound noun- and sometimes one form applies only to one or some but not all senses of the other), are listed below. 1a. bail out: scoop water out of a leaking boat, parachute from an aircraft, depart from a difficult situation, or provide financial assistance to a person or a company 1b. bailout: financial assistance to a company 2a. black out: lose consciousness 2b. blackout: a loss of consciousness, or a power outage 3a. blow out: extinguish or cause loss of air 3b. blowout: a sudden loss of air from a tire, a large celebration, or a decisive victory in sports 4a. break out: develop a rash or similar condition or suddenly perspire, or escape from a condition (such as spate of bad luck) or a situation (such as confinement) 4b. breakout: an escape, especially from jail, or an adjective referring to a sudden comparative success 5a. burn out: suffer from stress exhaustion 5b. burnout: the condition of being exhausted by stress, or a person suffering this condition, or a period during which a jet or rocket engine stops working because it is deprived of fuel 6a. call out: announce, summon to act, challenge someone to a duel, or announce a labor strike 6b. callout: an instance of calling out, or a detail or excerpt adjacent to an article or image in a print or online publication or a reference to another piece of content 7a. camp out: go on a camping trip 7b. campout: a camping trip 8a. carry out: bring something outside, or accomplish, execute, or continue to conclusion 8b. carryout: food prepared in a restaurant to be delivered to or taken by customers to eat elsewhere, or a restaurant that prepares carryout 9a. cash out: convert noncash assets to cash 9b. cash-out: an act of converting noncash assets to cash 10a. check out: investigate or look at, pay for goods in a store, or leave a place of lodging; also, slang for die or that refers to ceasing to pay attention or make an effort 10b. checkout: the location for paying for goods in a store, or leaving a place of lodging or the deadline for doing so 11a. clean out: dispose of unwanted items, or use up all available funds or steal all items available 11b. cleanout: an act of cleaning out or disposing of unwanted items, or a covered opening for cleaning out an enclosed space 12a. close out: dispose of or sell, or conclude or discontinue, or exclude or preclude 12b. closeout: a sale to clear inventory or before closing a store, or a product being sold at such a sale 13a. cook out: dissipate by cooking (as in alcohol in cooking wine) 13b. cookout: preparation and serving of a meal outdoors 14a. cop out: avoid or neglect 14b. copout: an act of avoidance or neglect 15a. cross out: mark a line or X through a mistake 15b. crossout: an act of marking a mistake 16a. cut out: form a shape from a piece of something by cutting from a larger piece, defraud or deprive, erode or put an end to, disconnect or cause to no longer operate, or leave quickly or take the place of or separate, or used in the phrase â€Å"(one) has/have (one’s) work cut out for (one)† to express that someone has a difficult task to complete 16b. cutout: a piece of something cut out from a larger piece 17a. die out: become extinct 17b. die-out: an instance of extinction 18a. drop out: cease enrollment at or participation in something 18b. dropout: on who ceases enrollment at or participation in something 19a. fall out: plunge from an enclosed object or space into the open 19b. fallout: bad effect or result, or radioactive particles from a nuclear explosion that fall through the atmosphere 20a. gross out: disgust, insult, or offend with something unpleasant 20b. gross-out: something disgusting, or an instance of being disgusted 21a. knock out: render unconscious with a blow 21b. knockout: a blow that renders the victim unconscious, or slang for a particularly attractive woman 22a. roll out: introduce or release a product or service, or, as a quarterback, run to either side to complete a play 22b. rollout: an introduction or release of a product or service, or a football play in which the quarterback moves to either side before passing the ball or running with it 23a. shoot out: eject from something 23b. shootout: a gun battle, or a conflict 24a. time out: run out of time 24b. time-out: in sports, a pause in a game called by one of the teams or, when a game is televised, by the network for a commercial; also, a period during which a misbehaving child is isolated 25a. turn out: attend an event, or said in reference to the result of an action 25b. turnout: the number of people who attend an event, or a space for vehicles to pull off to the side of the road, a clearing out or a yield, or a set of equipment or a manner of dress (also, in British English, a labor strike or a striker) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Expressions category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Regarding Re:How to Play HQ Words: Cheats, Tips and TricksWhat’s the Best Way to Refer to a Romantic Partner?

Sunday, February 16, 2020

Adolescence in anthropology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Adolescence in anthropology - Assignment Example According to our Week 2 lecture from Dr. Tanya Mueller, the female body form is, at times, considered the default body form.The lack of the Y-chromosome is responsible for the development of female anatomy while in utero A person becomes a male or female while in utero, which is after conception but before birth and puberty. All embryos are identical in external appearance for the first eight weeks of gestation, and then several factors nudge the infant toward male or female development. In the seventh week, the embryo has both male and female primordial ducts. In the normal female fetus, the millerian duct system then develops into oviducts and a uterus. In the normal male fetus, the wolferian duct system on each side develops into the epididymis and vas deferens. The external genitalia are similarly bipotential until the eighth week (The reproductive organs and genitals associated with "female" or "male" arise from the same initial (fetal) tissue). Thereafter, the urogenital slit d isappears and male genitalia formed or alternatively, it remains open, and female genitalia is formed. If the egg was fertilized with the x chromosome then the female structures continue to mature, the default system. However if the y chromosome fertilized the egg then a hormonal switch happens; two genes are activated and the female structures are completely dissolved and destroyed and the male organs take their place. Hormones play an overwhelming role in determining sexuality right from conception to puberty. The increased production of sex hormone like estrogen is responsible for changes like breast growth, changes in the walls of the uterus and vagina, and changes in the pelvic structure. Hormones like prolactin and lactogenic stimulates milk production and also helps maintain normal ovarian cycle. Follicile-stimulating hormone stimulates egg production in female while sperm production in males. Luteinizing hormone stimulates ovulation in females while the hormone oxytocin caus es uterus to contract and the breasts to release milk, thus lending female characteristics. On the other hand, hormones like testosterone stimulate development of male reproductive tract and male secondary sexual characteristics. Being a female, from the biological point of view, is determined on the basis of distribution of body hair, patterns of fat deposit, higher voice etc. A major characteristic is the establishment of the menstrual cycle. This involves the periodic growth and shedding of the lining of the uterus. Being a male again can be identified by definite body features and distribution of hair and fat etc., besides in the production of sperm and ejaculation. Also, males and females have different behavior patterns. Some behavioral differences are learned (patterns of dress, use of facial make-up), whereas others appear to be less dependent on culture (degree of aggressiveness, frequency of sexual thought). 2. Several lectures discussed the establishment of adolescence as a distinct life history stage. When do you think we see this occurring? In other words, even though there is no doubt mammals, monkeys, apes, and fossil hominids experience puberty (age at alpha) or reproductive maturation, do these qualify as a â€Å"distinct life history stage†? Why or why not? The sexual development of puberty has a typical pattern I both boys and girls, with a generally predictable line of changes taking place. The onset of puberty in most girls is marked by the development of breasts, which happens at an average age of 11 years. This is followed by the growth of pubic hair, and then hairs in the armpit. However, it has been found that a minority of girls have pubic hair coming out before their breasts begin to grow. Menstruation takes place usually two and a half years after the onset of puberty. A regular pattern of ovulation corresponding to achievement of fertility usually develops rapidly after a girl begins having menstrual cycles. However studies have shown that one half of adolescent

Sunday, February 2, 2020

Law problem scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law problem scenario - Essay Example As a result, Brian has sought a conveyance and with an alleged approval of Derek, sells off the property to Eric without the knowledge of Chloe, who also owns the property. Albert is no more, and therefore, he cannot be called up to elaborate on any unclear issues in relation with the will, such as the sharing mechanisms of the house. The acquisition and or the act of ceding ownership of the property by any of the three new owners of Acacia Garden, on condition of its being commingled with each others claim on the same attracts ‘confusion.’ Notably, in confusion, any of the three new owners of the property are commingled, and as such it cannot be split and reverted back to its original condition, before Albert had written the will. In light of this, the property is expected to retain its features as envisaged in the will, and as such the will binds the three regarding the management and use of the property. Through the will, the three of Albert’s grandchildren hav e legal and equitable ownership of the house (Proffatt, 1989, p.31). Legal concept and equitable ownership Chloe like her co-owners of the property have the legal and equitable ownership rights on Acacia Garden, subject to the will. Therefore, she should be entitled to any returns that may arise from the sale or use of the property. The idea of beneficial ownership, as a deviation from the precise legal ownership forms an imperative part of the English legal tradition. In Medieval times, an aggrieved party could only gain legal redress if they supported their petition with an existing legal document. Such documents were usually few and rigid and rarely served justice. In such scenarios, plaintiffs served the Chancellor with their petitions, complaining that the prevailing conditions fell beyond the scope of the general systems. In response, the Chancellor then opted to issue or retain remedy to the plaintiff depending on his judicious evaluation of the case. These verdicts eventuall y evolved into a structure of law referred to as equity (Ayotte, & Bolton, 2011, p. 3401). Equity is a distinct body of laws that is different from the prevailing common law. From this legal concept, the current English law separates equity from legal ownership, in which case, equity permits the exploitation and gain from the property to be looked at in a different way from the legal possession of the same. Whereas Chloe and Derek retain ownership of the property, Brian would manage it and share whatever returns it yields with his concurrent owners. But despite the fact that Acacia Garden is a concurrent estate, he has refused to honour the interests of the others. According to Craig, and de Burca, (2011, p.120), the property is possessed by three persons simultaneously and as such the parties have equitable rights to it including its sale. Chloe should emphasize her role by citing the joint tenancy rule, which refers to a concurrent relationship whereby a property is owned by two o r more parties simultaneously and under the same legal document. In this case the will written by decedent Albert serves as the binding legal document that should serve its purpose of ensuring the fiduciary duty plays out in the management and or sale of the property. Regardless of the sanctity of the will, Brian opts to violate and sell the property without following the due process of the law. Brian’s blatant disregard for common law presents legal challenges which may not be easily solved, especially now that he cannot be traced. Derek also claims ignorance of the

Saturday, January 25, 2020

Aggressive Contests in Male Jumping Spiders

Aggressive Contests in Male Jumping Spiders Tutorial of Elias et al.s Assessment during aggressive contests between male jumping spiders Assessment strategies are a vital factor in game theoretical models of contests. In contests animals may engage in mutual assessment; where individuals assess both their own and their opponents resource holding potential (RHP) and make decisions based on estimated differences (Prenter et al, 2006; Briffa, 2008). Alternatively, they may partake in self-assessment, in which individuals set thresholds based on their own RHP (Prenter et al, 2006; Briffa, 2008). Using a statistical methodology which enables the distinction between assessment strategies, the study examined contests in Phidippus clarus, a common jumping spider.The study had three main aims: to determine whether substrate-borne signals are important in aggressive contests, the assessment strategies used in contests, and the factors that decide contest outcomes. Adult and penultimate male and female P. clarus were collected. They were individually housed in the laboratory for a minimum of 4 days to allow them to acclimate prior to use. The experimental arena was a plastic cylinder with petroleum jelly on the inside of the wall to prevent spiders escaping. In order to avoid visual disturbances, an opaque paper ring was placed around the cylinder. Graph paper was used as the arena floor, this allowed movement to be measured. It was replaced after every two trials to prevent chemical cue build up. An empty female nest was placed in the center of the arena. To begin with a removable barrier split the arena into two equal sections. Randomly selected males were placed in separate halves and left to acclimate for 5 minutes. The barrier enabled acclimation and removed potential ownership effects. Contests were observed and substrate-borne vibrations were recorded using a laser droppler vibrometer. Contests were terminated after three bouts, a male was considered to have won a bout when the rival male turned away and retreated more than two body lengths. Male behaviours during aggressive interactions were divided into two phases: the precontact phase and the contact phase. The contact phase began when the two spiders started to leg fence. During the precontact phase males produced substrate-borne signals. The signals generally preceded movement toward rivals and rarely preceded retreat. Following the contests, males were weighed and digitally photographed to measure patella-tibia length and cephalothorax width. These measurements were used a s an indicator of size. A range of statistical analysis was performed on the data. A statistical methodology outlined by Taylor and Elwood (2003) and Morrell et al (2005) was used to distinguish assessment strategies. The results indicated that contest duration, particularly contact phases, were based predominantly on self-assessment and to a lesser degree mutual assessment. It was suggested that males may shift between self-assessment and mutual assessment as more information becomes available or more reliable. In the case of partial mutual assessment, as more rival assessment occurs, a negative correlation will grow between winner weight and contest duration (Prenter et al, 2006). The study found a nonsignificant negative relationship between winner weight and contest duration. This is congruous with partial mutual assessment. It was suggested that relying more heavily on self-assessment to determine contest duration may be an economical strategy that avoids the costs of mutual assessment. Mutual assessment requires energetic demands to detect and process a rivals signals, as well as needing time to process the information in order to make accurate decisions. These costs would be heightened if the signals were unreliable. Hence, self-assessment enables the individual to pay only the costs they are willing to but maintain a high probability of winning against inferior rivals. Â   The male jumping spiders used multimodal signals during aggressive interactions: visual and substrate-borne. Substrate-borne vibrations appeared to be of particular importance, given that the number of vibratory signals accurately predicted the contest outcome. More actively signaling males were more likely to win.ÂÂ   Additionally, precontact phase duration was based on relative vibration behaviour. Males which vibrated at similar rates had shorter precontact phases. Figure.1 Effect of experience on contests. (a) Differences between contest phase duration in different bouts. Both precontact and contact phase duration were significantly reduced after initial contests. (b) Difference between vibrational signalling between different contest bouts. **P et al, 2008) 53/56 of the males that won the first bout went on to win all three bouts. The study found contest experience affected males signalling rate. While winners signalled repeatedly at a similar rate, losers significantly decreased the rate at which they signalled after losing the first bout (Fig. 1b). As well as this, experience affected the time that males spent in contest. Both precontact and contact phases were notably shorter in the second and third bouts (Fig.1a). This indicates that experience effects are important for multiple contests with the same opponent in P. clarus. In the field, males would most likely escape after losing a single contest, so repeated bouts with the same individual may be rare. However, these results important because they highlight that experience, especially losing experience, can influence subsequent behaviours. Following these results an area that needed more research is the impact of experience on future contests with new rivals and the duration of the se effects. This is addressed in a later paper by Kasumovic et al (2010). They found that winner and loser effects have a similar magnitude, but loser effects persist longer. They also found previous experience alters actual fighting ability. They suggested that experience should be integrated into models, particularly when competitive signals or traits are unreliable. Arnott and Elwood (2009) also wrote a subsequent paper which encouraged game theorists to update models. The paper explored how the abilities of contestants to assess RHP influences fights. The paper cited Elias et al (2008) to support the existence of partial mutual assessment. They stated that strategies, such as partial mutual assessment, point to limitations of current game theory models. Arnott and Elwoods (2009) work has been influential, with further work finding winner and loser effects change with age, which is often a disregarded factor in studies (Fawcett and Johnstone, 2010). References Arnott, G. and Elwood, R.W. (2009) Assessment of fighting ability in animal contests, Animal Behaviour, 77(5), pp. 991-1004. Bridge, A.P., Elwood, R.W. and Dick, J.T.A. (2000) Imperfect assessment and limited information preclude optimal strategies in male-male fights in the orb-weaving spider Metellina mengei, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 267(1440), pp. 273-279. Briffa, M. (2008) Decisions during fights in the house cricket, Acheta domesticus: Mutual or self assessment of energy, weapons and size?, Animal Behaviour, 75(3), pp. 1053-1062. Elias, D.O., Kasumovic, M.M., Punzalan, D., Andrade, M.C.B. and Mason, A.C. (2008) Assessment during aggressive contests between male jumping spiders, Animal Behaviour, 76(3), pp. 901-910. Fawcett, T.W. and Johnstone, R.A. (2010) Learning your own strength: Winner and loser effects should change with age and experience, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 277(1686), pp. 1427-1434. Kasumovic, M.M., Elias, D.O., Sivalinghem, S., Mason, A.C. and Andrade, M.C.B. (2010) Examination of prior contest experience and the retention of winner and loser effects, Behavioral Ecology, 21(2), pp. 404-409. Morrell, L.J., Backwell, P.R.Y. and Metcalfe, N.B. (2005) Fighting in fiddler crabs Uca mjoebergi: What determines duration?, Animal Behaviour, 70(3), pp. 653-662. Prenter, J., Elwood, R.W. and Taylor, P.W. (2006a) Self-assessment by males during energetically costly contests over precopula females in amphipods, Animal Behaviour, 72(4), pp. 861-868. Prenter, J., Elwood, R.W. and Taylor, P.W. (2006b) Self-assessment by males during energetically costly contests over precopula females in amphipods, Animal Behaviour, 72(4), pp. 861-868. Taylor, P.W. and Elwood, R.W. (2003) The mismeasure of animal contests, Animal Behaviour, 65(6), pp. 1195-1202.

Friday, January 17, 2020

Milton’s Satan in Paradise Lost

Critics abroad have argued about who the hero is of John Milton’s â€Å"Paradise Lost:† Satan, Adam or Christ, the Son? Since Milton’s overall theme stated in the opening lines of Book I is to relate ‘Man’s first disobedience’ and to ‘justify the ways of God to men’, Adam must be regarded as the main hero. John M. Steadman supports this view in an essay on â€Å"Paradise Lost:† â€Å"It is Adam’s action which constitutes the argument of the epic. Steadman continues: The Son and Satan embody heroic archetypes and that, through the interplay of the infernal and celestial strategies, Milton represents Satan’s plot against man and Christ’s resolution to save him as heroic enterprises. Christ and Satan are therefore epic machines. (268-272) Although Satan may be an epic machine, he is best portrayed as the tragic anti-hero of â€Å"Paradise Lost† or, at the very least, a main character who possesses the stature and attributes which enable him to achieve tragic status. In the Greek tradition, the essential components of tragedy are admiration, fear and pity for the ‘hero’, who has to display a tragic weakness or flaw in his character, which will lead to his downfall. It might be argued that the flaws in Satan’s character are such that we should feel no admiration, fear or pity for him, yet he can be seen to inspire these emotions. Satan’s tragic flaws are pointed out in Book I. They are envy, pride, and ambition towards self-glorification. Satan’s pride, in particular, is stressed throughout Paradise Lost. In accordance with epic convention, Satan is frequently qualified by Milton’s use of the word ‘proud’. Virgil used the same device in his epic the Aeneid, in which the name of Aeneas rarely appears without being preceded by ‘pious’. The most striking visual example of Satan’s main weaknesses appears in Book IV (89-90) during Raphael’s narrative to Adam regarding the battles in Heaven, Raphael refers to Satan as ‘the proud/Aspirer’. Proud’ at the end of one line and ‘Aspirer’ at the beginning of the next gives equal emphasis and impact to Satan’s pride and ambition and it is implied that, in Satan, the two characters are inseparable and of equal importance. Milton, in fact, defended his use of blank verse as a suitable vehicle for epic poetry, as opposed to the frequently favored heroic couplet. How then, does Satan inspire t he feelings of admiration, fear and pity necessary to a tragic figure? Milton was, undoubtedly, conscious that he was in danger of portraying Satan as too much of a heroic figure and made efforts to belittle im through the use of unflattering imagery, and by highlighting his less complimentary characteristics. Nonetheless, our emotions are still fired. Our first encounter with Satan and his rebel hosts occurs in Book I when they are recovering from the shock of having been expelled from heaven by the Son after three days of fighting the angels of God. Despite the defeat he has suffered, Satan gains our admiration by displaying resilience in quickly coming to terms with the change in his circumstances, in remustering his forces and organizing the building of his palace, Pandemonium. At the same time he demonstrates his determination not to be defeated and shows true qualities of leadership, persuasively arguing that there is still hope for battle and victory. Satan is convincing in his first speech to Beelzebub, his chief partner in crime, as he declares: What though the field be lost? All is not lost; the unconquerable will, And study of revenge, immortal hate, And courage never to submit or yield: And what is else not to be overcome? That glory never shall his wrath or might Extort from me. (I. 105-111) The language here is particularly powerful and the lines are extremely weighted, underlining Satan’s resolution. He similarly instills renewed resolve in his followers to challenge God and hope of regaining their former state, claiming that they are now better placed to contend because there is not fear of division in their own ranks (II. 11-42). He then gives his supporters the opportunity to speak their minds as to whether to engage in open warfare or in guile to achieve their end; although ultimately they agree the course of action he has pre-planned – that is, to introduce evil on Earth. Through Satan’s speech at the beginning of Book I, Milton emphasizes Satan’s self-glorification. Satan has no dread of being challenged in hell because he sees himself in the most dangerous position and the one to be most severely reprimanded by God. Satan is daring, which is best demonstrated when the resolve to send someone to investigate Earth has been taken and Satan offers to undertake the task. Milton diminishes Satan’s courage by points out that Satan stands forward with bravado and purely to gain personal glory for any success he might win. Yet, Satan does not volunteer immediately but is only undertaking what his followers are afraid to attempt. Milton’s suggestion is, however, supported by Satan’s speech itself, in which he states that he will go to Earth alone and defies any of his followers to accompany him in case they detract any of the hoped for acclaim from him. Satan’s courage is restored during Milton’s description of Satan’s journey through Chaos to Earth – in fact, the poet dedicates over 400 lines to such – (II. 629-1055) – and Satan’s exaggerated claims to his peers of the danger and difficulty of his enterprise when he returns to Hell in Book X after the seduction of Adam and Eve are not without some justification (X. 460-80). In Book IV (917-23) when the angels guarding Paradise confront Satan, Gabriel also belittles Satan by accusing him of being less valiant than his peers and less able to endure the pain of hell. There appears to be some inconsistency during this confrontation between Satan and the angels towards the end of Book IV. Having become even more steadfast in his determination to seduce Adam and Eve against God’s will and now directing his hatred against man also as a result of his envy of their happy state (IV. 502-35), it seems inconsistent that the next time he speaks, he is so sensitive to the taunts uttered by Zephon, Ithuriel and Gabriel. Although Satan’s scorn for the angels is still apparent, he stands ‘abashed’ and provides Gabriel with the means by which to insult him (IV. 888-90): â€Å"Lives there who loves his pain? Who would not, finding way, break loose from hell, Though thither doomed? † It is important that we believe in the Satan as portrayed in Books I and II: Milton’s argument depends upon that belief. Satan must be seen as being of sufficient stature to attempt God’s overthrow. If Satan is considered too weak, he can pose no threat to God or to Man and there would be no reason for Milton to ‘justify the ways of God to men’. Therefore, while making allowances for Satan’s arrogance in the opening Books of Paradise Lost, he does give the impression that he is ruling hell and it is not expedient to deliberate to what extent it is possible for Satan to succeed in his quest to corrupt God’s good works with evil. The very structure of Paradise Lost assists in creating the illusion of Satan’s power, since we first learn of the expulsion of Satan and his followers through the rebels themselves and it is not until much later when Raphael tells Adam of the wars in heaven in Books V and VI that we hear the ‘official’ version in which Satan emerges in a less favorable light. Stanley Fish in his essay, ‘The Harassed Reader in Paradise Lost,† argues that Satan possesses a form of heroism which is easy to admire because it is visible and flamboyant and that, on that basis, Satan’s attractiveness is only initial (Fish 189-190). B Rajan, on the other hand, writes: The heroic qualities which Satan brings to his mission, the fortitude, the steadfast hate, the implacable resolution, which is founded on despair, are qualities not to be imitated or admired. They are defiled by the evil to which they are consecrated’ (Rajan 190). Nonetheless, it is often Satan’s despair, which comes through more potently than his evil intentions. Satan’s bravado is most clearly evident in Books I and II when he is able to flaunt before his followers; by Book IV, his feeling of confidence and resolution shows signs of cracking, with Satan talking to himself he is revealing much about his inner torment and self-doubts. As his steadfastness wavers, some of his initial charisma also diminishes, as we become more aware of his ability to fall. This argument is reinforced by Milton’s physical description of Satan. In Books I and II, Satan appears an impressive figure, â€Å"In bulk as huge/As whom the fables name of monstrous size† (I. 196-7). He is conspicuous amongst his followers because of his size and his lustre, which, although faded, outshines that of his peers (I. 589-604). On closer examination, however, it emerges that, even in Book I, Milton has been careful to downgrade Satan. Milton states that Satan â€Å"stood like a tow’r’ and that his lustre was like the sun’s through mist. The first simile is bare and unqualified and, in essence, tells us nothing about Satan’s dimensions or his stance. A tower may be any size and of too wide a variety of constructions for the simile to be of any significance. The reference to Satan’s reduced brightness is a symbol of his fall from glory and failing strength; and is mentioned by Ithuriel and Zephon in Book IV when while maki ng fun of they suggest to Satan that his lack of lustre has made him almost unrecognizable. Our fear and pity for Satan can be considered together since they stem from the same cause. On one level, Satan can be regarded as pitiful as much as pitiable. Although it is undoubtedly not Milton’s intention, it is almost possible to view Satan throughout in the light of sympathetic pity, especially if we accept that Satan cannot be something other than what he is no matter how much he wrestles with hons constantly shifting and mounting in intensity, the dramatic individual grows, expands, developes to the point where, at the end of the drama, he looms upon the mind as a titanic personality infinitely richer that at the beginning. This dramatic personality in its manifold stages of actuation in as artistic creation. In essence Macbeth, like all other men, is inevitably bound to his humanity; the reason of order, as we have seen, determines his inescapable relationship to the natural and eternal law, compels inclination toward his proper act and end but provides him with a will capable of free choice, and obliges his discernment of good and evil.

Thursday, January 9, 2020

How to Cope with Stress - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 997 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Stress Essay Did you like this example? Develop a good attitude Stress is a feeling of emotional response to a threat or challenge in everyday life and thus one ought to know how to deal with it so that it does not affect the mental and health status of the body. Developing a positive attitude is a good instinctive approach in managing stress by formulating a plan or action to tackle the impending threat rather than complaining or fearing for the worst that could happen. In todays lifestyle, stress could occur in different ways, therefore, necessitates a bold step of faith and self-encouragement that anything is possible with brevity and strength and having a mindset of positive intervention to overcome the challenges causing the stress.. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How to Cope with Stress" essay for you Create order Find solutions A solution is as important as the challenge and therefore identifying the weak points that can be corrected and initiating a clear action plan having solutions goes a long way in relieving stress. This focuses on the issue causing stress by providing real-life solutions to uplift anger or anxiety from developing which results in minimizing the time given to think about the issue. Providing solutions involves identifying the core problem such as arriving late for work caused by traffic jam which puts the job at risk, therefore, waking up early is one of the possible solutions and moving near to work eliminating the unknown scenarios that are impending dangers. Self-awareness Being able to identify the root cause of the problem, the risks involved with it and the emotional control helps in managing the stress levels as some people are wholly overpowered making them anxious and immobilized. Self-awareness enables us to acknowledge the presence of a challenge and what needs to be prioritized so as to accomplish the pending activities with enough information to avoid miscalculation or omissions by doing in-depth research of the challenges. Its important to take time for self-reflection so as to take care of issues such as physical fitness, diet or complete daily tasks to achieve a sense of accomplishment and also boost self-confidence which annuls the developing stress and sets the time for reorganization aiming at resolving the challenge. Regular exercise Regular body exercise maintains the central nervous system at a balance which aids in blood flow to the brain and keeps the hormones in check forcing the stress hormones out. Physical exercise is so important in managing stress by a bigger margin articulated to the health achievements and physical fitness as it develops a habit of stress relieve since it acts as a distraction from normal activities and aids in spending leisure time. This comes in hand with practicing breathing exercises by inhaling deeply and slowly making the lungs inflate and exhaling giving a feeling of relaxation as done in yoga. Instincts of the body react to defend therefore dedicating time each day for exercise helps in relaxing the mind and acts as refresh feed in the daily activities especially after a tiresome day. Social interaction Engaging in support groups and interacting with different people helps to reduce stress. Being listened to triggers a sense of feeling of acknowledgment and recognition which aids in releasing hormones that counter stress hormones therefore important to talk face to face with other people. This can be done by engaging in sporting activities such as badminton, joining social support groups of positive minded people with clear aims and goals of helping each other, attending weddings and other social events helps even meet distance friends which prove to be a surprisingly positive medium for sharing ideas and challenges resulting to unloading the congestion of stress making a clear mind refreshment and acquisition of new ideas to think about and even acquire new techniques to aid or eliminate posing challenges. Laughter as a sense of humor Laughter resets the mind and cuts anxiety levels by some margin and therefore laughing once in a day despite the life frustrations and difficulties have a positive effect in moods and stress tensions in the body. Maintaining humor develops an optimistic attitude towards life and even improves the skin pigment to be smoother and nicer which reduces stress and develops immunity. To maintain a sense of humor, however difficult it poses, one must be able to find humble time to even watch a comic clip or favorite television show which results in best healing of the soul and individual outlook relative to managing stresses. Smiling goes also hand in hand with laughter as it portrays the same feeling of happiness which in turn encourages one to be happier, stronger and ready to tackle life by all means possible. Avoid substance and alcohol abuse Many people believe taking substance and alcohol will help reduce stress but rather it worsens the situation. Eliminating these temporary stress relievers is important because it poses a health danger and even financial stress in ones life. Well maintained and fed individuals are stronger and more composed to cope with stress since its not difficult for them to put extra effort in the fight to achieve the best out of life. Some substances cause depression which may lead to seeking medical attention and even unstable mental health, therefore, should be avoided by all means. Enough sleep Maintaining a regular sleeping habit will help the body to tolerate and overcome the stress that presents itself during the active hours. Practicing meditation and stress reduction techniques keeps the mind active and thus may aid in getting enough sleep at night of seven to eight hours regularly. Also engaging in relaxing activities before sleeping is healthy such as listening to slow music and avoiding bright lights is essential for a good sleep. Avoid arguing and trying to solve problems before sleeping as it only intensifies stress so that the hormones are not triggered to work in turn position your strategy for evening activities as a priority for reducing stress and getting good sleep without compromise. Also, its good to avoid caffeine or traumatizing movies just before sleeping to reduce anxiety and frustration.

Wednesday, January 1, 2020

The Politics Of The Media - 2464 Words

News media Is the American news media being honest like it was to be back when our great nation begin? Many American’s don’t believe the media today because of the views that the media takes. The 2016 election year was one of the ugliest presidential elections in the history of the United States between Donald J. Trump and Hillary Clinton. The news media play a big role in the election as they bring the news to the public about Clinton and Trump. The media is has changed the delivery form the traditional news delivery, to the now comical delivery in shows like SNL. Because television stations tend to be either liberal or conservative and craft stories to appeal subtle and unbiased political news coverage and commentary is increasingly difficult to find. The media has always been under criticism of being biased because of conservatives and liberals coming out and saying that the news is biased. Mostly, if they news is not pretrain in their favor for one of the political parties, they tend to say that it is biased. The part that these political parties are most concerned about is all the undecided voters out in the United States. And each political party wants those votes because they tend to flip the election either way. So, the news media has a huge influence in those undecided votes and if the media is not favoring their party they tend to call the news biased. There are some very good points that come from each side that need to be look at to determine if the news isShow MoreRelatedMedia And Politics : A Brief Note On Media Politics2454 Words   |  10 PagesTawhida Rahman Media Politics Midterm 1) There are several landmark U.S. court cases pertaining to the media and free press which changed the laws on behalf of journalists and reporters. One of the earliest cases of such cases was Crown v. John Peter Zenger. 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